LESSON 3: JOVIAN PLANETS

Jupiter

Namesake: King of the ancient Roman gods, Jupiter.
     • Since ang Jupiter ang pinakamalaking planet sa solar system. Ipinangalan sa kaniya ang king of the ancient Roman gods na si Jupiter.
Discovered: Known to the ancients
Planet type: Gas Giant
Number of moons: 53 confirmed | 26 provisional (79 total)
     • Ang dami niyang moons diba? Pero di siya yung nangunguna sa highest number of moons. Currently si Saturn yung may title ng highest number of moons. ("Currently" kasi may possibly na may hindi pa sila nadidiscover na moons")
Rings: Yes po, opo meron syang rings
Diameter: 88,846 miles (142,984 kilometers)
Length of day: 9.93 hours (Siya yung planetang may pinakamaikling araw sa solar system)
Length of year: 11.86 Earth Years
Distance from Sun: 5.1 Astronomical Units (Earth=1)
Volume: 1,321 (Earth=1)
Mass: 318 (Earth=1)
Surface temperature*: -160 degrees Fahrenheit (-110 degrees Celsius)

ℹ️ Others:
• Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun
• Largest planet in the solar system – more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined
• Yung mga stripes and swirls na makikita sa picture are actually cold, windy clouds of ammonia and water, floating in an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium.
• Ang iconic na Great Red Spot sa Jupiter ay isang giant storm na mas malaki kaysa kay Earth that has raged for hundreds of years



Saturn

— Namesake: The planet is named after the 𝙍𝙤𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙜𝙤𝙙 𝙤𝙛 𝙖𝙜𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙬𝙚𝙖𝙡𝙩𝙝, 𝙎𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙣 (also the father of Jupiter).
— Day: 10.7 hours
     •second-shortest day in the solar system.
— Year: 29 Earth years
— Radius: 36,183.7 miles | 58,232 kilometers
      • Saturn is 9 times wider than Earth
— Planet Type: Gas giant
— Moons: 53 confirmed | 29 provisional (82 Total)

ℹ️ Others:
— 6th Planet on the solar system
— second-largest planet in our solar system
— Saturn is the only planet in our solar system whose average density is less than water.
— Saturn is not the only planet to have rings, but none are as spectacular or as complex as Saturn's. (Saturn's rings are thought to be pieces of comets, asteroids, or shattered moons that broke up before they reached the planet, torn apart by Saturn's powerful gravity.)

Uranus

— Namesake: William Herschel attempted, but failed, to name his discovery Georgium Sidus after King George III. Instead, Uranus, the Greek God of Sky, was named after the planet, as suggested by Johann Bode.

— Day: 17 hours 14 minutes
— Year: 84 Earth years
— Radius: 15,759.2 miles | 25,362 kilometers
      • Uranus is 4 times wider than Earth.
— Planet Type: Ice Giant
— Moons: 27
      • Uranus has a total of 27 known moons. While most satellites orbiting other planets are named after characters from Greek or Roman mythology, Uranus' moons are named after characters from William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope's works.

ℹ️ Others:
• 7th planet from the Sun
• Third-largest diameter in our solar system.
• It was the first planet found with the aid of a telescope
   → discovered in 1781 by astronomer William Herschel, although he originally thought it was either a comet or a star.
• With a tilt of 97.77 degrees, Uranus is the only planet whose equator is nearly perpendicular to its orbit.
    ± Possibly the result of a long-ago collision with an Earth-sized object
• Uranus is also one of only two planets that rotate from east to west, in the opposite direction as the other planets (Venus is the other).

Neptune

— Namesake: The planet is named after the Roman god of the sea, Neptune, as suggested by Le Verrier.
— Day: 16 hours
— Year: 165 Earth years 
     •longest year kasi siya yung may pinakamalaking orbit considering na sya yung planet na pinakamalayo sa Sun
— Radius: 15,299.4 miles | 24,622 kilometers
      • about four times wider than Earth
— Planet Type: Ice Giant
— Moons: 14
     • Neptune's moons are named after sea gods and nymphs in Greek mythology, as Neptune was named after the Roman god of the sea.
— Rings: Yes
     • So far, we know of at least five major rings and four prominent ring arcs on Neptune.

ℹ️ Others:
— Neptune, which is more than 30 times as far away from the Sun as Earth, is the only planet in our solar system that cannot be seen with the naked eye
— Neptune, the ice giant, was the first planet discovered using mathematical calculations. Johann Galle discovered the planet in 1846, based on Urbain Le Verrier's predictions.
— Neptune is our solar system's windiest world.


→ Beyond Neptune, dun naman natin makikita yung mga dwarf planets... Like pluto :>

Bakit dwarf planet lang si pluto?

"In the current definition (which will probably get revised again), a planet is defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) as a celestial body that has its primary orbit around the Sun, has sufficient mass for its own gravity to mold it into a round shape, and has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit by sweeping up all the planetesimals, which means that it’s the only body of its size in its orbit." 

Hindi nasatisfy ni Pluto yung last condition which is yung "has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit by sweeping up all the planetesimals, which means that it’s the only body of its size in its orbit" Kasi may mga kasama siya sa orbit nya na kasinglaki niya or mas malaki pa sa kanya.

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