The Solar System [1ST LESSON]

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• To be able to get an overview of the solar system.
• To be able to have in-depth knowledge about the solar system

OVERVIEW

Bakit ba tinawag na "Solar System" ang ating Solar System?🤔

💡 Numerous planetary systems in the universe are similar to ours, with planets orbiting a host star. Our solar system is called after our Sun, Sol, which is derived from the Latin word "solis," which means "sun," and anything associated with the Sun is referred to as "solar."

📍Ang ating solar system ay matatagpuan sa outer spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy.

🌌Our solar system is made up of our star, the Sun, and everything gravitationally bound to it, including the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, as well as dwarf planets like Pluto, dozens of moons, and millions of asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.

Size and Distance

Hindi lang hanggang 8 planets yung sakop ng ating solar system. Sakop nito ang Kuiper Belt that lies past in Neptune's orbit.

Kuiper Belt is a sparsely populated ring of icy bodies, almost all of which are smaller than the most well-known Kuiper Belt Object, the dwarf planet Pluto.

📝Ang pinaka-kilalang celestial object sa Kuiper Belt ay ang dwarf planet na PLUTO

Image Credit: NASA

The Oort Cloud is located beyond the Kuiper belt's fringes.

Ang ating solar system ay napaliligiran ng massive spherical shell na ito. 

Hindi pa siya direktang naoobserbahan, pero yung existence nito ay napredict gamit yung mathematical models at ng mga observations ng mga comet that are thought to originate sa oort cloud.

The Oort Cloud is composed of icy pieces of space debris the size of mountains, and sometimes larger, that orbit our Sun at a distance of 1.6 light-years. Ang material shell na ito ay mayroong kapal na nagre-range from 5,000 to 100,000 astronomical units. 

📏Ang One astronomical unit (or AU) ay ang distansya sa pagitan ng Sun and Earth. Pag nag convert tayo, 1 AU ≈ 93 million miles (150 million kilometers)

Ang Oort Cloud ay ang boundary ng Sun's gravitational influence, kung saan ang orbiting objects ay maaaring umikot at mas lumapit sa ating Sun.

Formation

Paano ba nabuo ang ating Solar System?🤔

Our solar system came into existence from a dense cloud of interstellar gas and dust approximately 4.5 billion years ago. The cloud collapsed, possibly as a result of the shockwave from a nearby exploding star known as a supernova. When this dust cloud collapsed, it created a solar nebula, which is spinning, swirling disk of material.

Picture of a Supernova

Gravity drew more and more material into the center. The pressure in the core eventually became so high that hydrogen atoms began to combine and form helium, releasing a massive amount of energy. Our Sun was born as a result, and it eventually accumulated more than 99 percent of the available matter.

Further out in the disk, the matter was also clumping together. These clumps collided and merged, forming larger and larger objects. Some of them grew large enough for their gravitational pull to shape them into spheres, forming planets, dwarf planets, and large moons.

Sa ibang cases, hindi sila nag form ng planet. Tulad ng asteroid belt is made up of bits and pieces of the early solar system that could never quite come together to form a planet. Other smaller fragments ang nag evolve at naging asteroids, comets, meteoroids, and small, irregular moons.

STRUCTURE

The order and arrangement of our solar system's planets and other bodies is due to how the solar system formed. When the solar system was young, only rocky material could withstand the heat closest to the Sun. As a result, the first four planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—are terrestrial. They're small and have rocky surfaces.

Meanwhile, materials that we are familiar with as ice, liquid, or gas are settled in the outer regions of the young solar system. Gravity drew these materials together, where we find the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn and the ice giants Uranus and Neptune.

MOONS

• There are over 150 known moons in our solar system, at possible na mayroon pang hindi nadidiscover.
• Si Mercury and Venus lang yung walang moon sa solar system. 
• Yung mga Gas Giants yung nakakuha ng maraming moons. Sila Jupiter and Saturn yung nagdominate ng number of moons sa solar system. 
• Pluto, which is smaller than our moon, has five moons in its orbit.
• Even tiny asteroids ay maaaring magkaroon ng moons. Noong 2017, scientists found out na si  asteroid 3122 Florence had two tiny moons.

SUMMARY:

🚀Ang solar system ay matatagpuan sa Outer Spiral Arm ng Milky Way Galaxy

🚀 Bukod sa eight planets, ang solar system ay sakop ang kuipet belt and oort cloud.

🚀 Formation of Solar System:

🚀 Terrestrial Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

🚀 Gas Giants Planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune